塑料碎片的破碎导致了纳米塑料(NPs)的广泛出现,这些颗粒通常小于1微米。由于其尺寸小、比表面积大以及动态界面特性,纳米塑料与较大尺寸的塑料相比,表现出更强的流动性、反应活性和生物相互作用。目前,在包括水、土壤、空气和地下水在内的各种环境介质以及生物系统中,纳米塑料的检出率越来越高。
The fragmentation of plastic debris has led to the widespread emergence of nanoplastics (NPs), particles typically smaller than 1 µm. Due to their small size, large surface-to-volume ratio, and dynamic interfacial properties, nanoplastics exhibit enhanced mobility, reactivity, and biological interactions compared to their larger counterparts. They are now increasingly detected across environmental compartments, including water, soil, air, and groundwater, as well as within biological systems. Ho